Migraine is a primary headache disorder that develops through a neurovascular mechanism. Abnormal neuronal activation occurring in the brainstem and trigeminal nerve system leads to dilation of meningeal vessels and the release of neuropeptides. This process increases pain transmission and sensitivity. Cortical spreading depression, observed during the aura phase, plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of migraine. The treatment approach includes controlling acute attacks as well as preventive therapies aimed at reducing neuronal hyperexcitability.
